EMŠO stands for Enotna matična številka občana — literally "Unique Citizen Registration Number". It is the 13-digit personal identification number used in Slovenia (and historically across all six republics of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, where it was also called JMBG — Jedinstveni matični broj građana). Every Slovenian citizen and permanent resident is assigned one at birth or upon registration.

How many digits does an EMŠO have?

Exactly 13 digits. There are no letters, no slashes, and no separators in the official format — though some systems display it with a hyphen before the last digit (e.g. 010199050001-2). This tool accepts either form because it strips non-digit characters before parsing.

What information is encoded in an EMŠO?

The first two digits are the day of birth (DD), the next two are the month (MM), the following three are the last three digits of the birth year (YYY), then a two-digit republic or region code (RR), a three-digit sequence number (SSS, where 000–499 indicates male and 500–999 indicates female), and finally one check digit.

How is the EMŠO check digit calculated?

The algorithm is defined in Yugoslav standard JUS I.D0.021. The first 12 digits are each multiplied by a weight from the repeating sequence 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. The products are summed to give S. Then: if S mod 11 equals 0 or 1, the check digit is 0; otherwise the check digit is 11 minus (S mod 11). The "Show checksum steps" button in the tool displays the full per-digit product table.

What does region code 16 mean?

Region code 16 (digits 8–9) indicates Slovenia. Code 15 is Montenegro, 17 is central Serbia, 12–13 is Croatia, 14 is North Macedonia, 10–11 is Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18 is Kosovo, and 19 is Vojvodina. Codes in the 40–89 range and 90–99 are used for foreign nationals and non-residents.

Is it possible for a valid EMŠO to not belong to any real person?

Yes. A structurally valid EMŠO — correct date fields, valid region code, and correct check digit — could still be entirely fictitious or correspond to a number that was never issued. This tool performs only a mathematical and structural check. Confirming whether a number is actually registered requires access to the Slovenian civil registry (Centralni register prebivalstva), which is not publicly accessible.

Slovenia EMŠO Validator

The EMŠO (Enotna matična številka občana — “Unique Citizen Registration Number”) is the 13-digit personal identifier used in Slovenia and, under the name JMBG, across the other successor states of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The number encodes a person’s date of birth, the republic or region they were registered in, a sequence number (which also encodes gender), and a check digit that protects against single-digit transcription errors.

This validator decodes all six fields from the raw digits and verifies the check digit against the official JUS I.D0.021 weighted-modulus algorithm. Everything runs in your browser — the number never touches a server.

Structure of the 13 digits

An EMŠO follows the fixed layout DDMMYYYRRSSSC:

Positions	Field	Meaning
1–2	DD	Day of birth (01–31)
3–4	MM	Month of birth (01–12)
5–7	YYY	Last three digits of birth year
8–9	RR	Republic / region code
10–12	SSS	Sequence within the birth-day and region
13	C	Check digit

The birth year uses only three digits, which means the full year must be inferred. The standard convention is: if YYY is in the range 000–099, the year is 2000 + YYY; if it is 100–999, the year is 1000 + YYY (in practice 1100–1999 for anyone alive today, most commonly 1900–1999 using digits 900–999).

Gender is derived from the three-digit sequence (SSS): values 000–499 are assigned to males and 500–999 to females — not stored explicitly, but fully recoverable.

How it works — the JUS I.D0.021 checksum

The algorithm multiplies each of the first 12 digits by a cycling weight sequence and reduces the sum modulo 11:

S = 7·d₁ + 6·d₂ + 5·d₃ + 4·d₄ + 3·d₅ + 2·d₆ + 7·d₇ + 6·d₈ + 5·d₉ + 4·d₁₀ + 3·d₁₁ + 2·d₁₂

Then:

If S mod 11 = 0 or S mod 11 = 1: check digit = 0
Otherwise: check digit = 11 − (S mod 11)

The two edge cases where the remainder is 0 or 1 both yield check digit 0 because the sequence space that would produce check digits 10 or 11 is reserved and never officially issued. Clicking Show checksum steps inside the tool renders the complete per-digit product table so you can follow every multiplication and verify the arithmetic by hand.

Worked example

Take the obviously fictitious EMŠO 0101990500012:

Segment	Value	Meaning
DD	01	1st of the month
MM	01	January
YYY	990	Year → 1000 + 990 = 1990
RR	50	Foreign national / non-resident
SSS	001	Sequence 001 — Male
C	2	Check digit

Weighted sum: 7×0 + 6×1 + 5×0 + 4×1 + 3×9 + 2×9 + 7×0 + 6×5 + 5×0 + 4×0 + 3×0 + 2×1 = 0 + 6 + 0 + 4 + 27 + 18 + 0 + 30 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 = 87. 87 mod 11 = 10 → this is neither 0 nor 1, so check digit = 11 − 10 = 1 — but the number above has check digit 2, so that string is deliberately invalid for demonstration. Replace the last digit with 1 (i.e. 0101990500011) and the checksum passes.

This example uses an obviously fake sequence — no birth-date lookup, no real person.

Formula note

The modular check: C = (rem === 0 || rem === 1) ? 0 : 11 − rem, where rem = S mod 11 and S is the sum of the 12 weighted products. Defined in Yugoslav federal standard JUS I.D0.021, adopted without change by the Slovenian civil registry after independence in 1991.